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On the one hand, there is a plan for dynamic transformation and carbon neutrality in full swing, and on the other hand, there is an inexhaustible coal and natural gas supply guarantee method that is lacking in fossil power. This is the current situation of the global dynamic industry.
It can be confirmed that the long-term relatively stable global power supply and demand system and market system have been broken, and are now in a balanced state. Then Song Wei glanced at the sweet little girl in the opposite direction, about eighteen or nineteen years old, when will he return to balance? To return to a relatively stable rebalancing state, either fossil dynamics truly join the historical stage, the world will build a new force-based industry and market system and achieve a balance of supply and demand; or fossil dynamics will still occupy the main position and return to the relatively stable supply and demand format that once was. According to the author, the game between fossil dynamics and non-fossil dynamics will last for many years, ten years or even ten years.
The dynamic transformation and carbon neutrality have a long way to go, and the road is blocked and long. Over the past few days, Qingquan and his doctoral fellow Korean Liqun conducted an investigation on this topic. I am differentiatingly convinced that real carbon neutrality is still facing four major challenges. The following are his views.
As far as carbon neutrality is concerned, in fact, it is still unclear what impact will the development of global carbon neutrality bring to economy and society, which has caused the department’s policy makers to fall into a carbon neutrality concern, worrying about becoming a laggard on the road to carbon neutrality, and worrying about taking various attacks on the rise. Despite the challenges facing each country, the majority of countries need to cooperate with four important challenges in terms of technology and resources, capital, capital and market, politics and society, and the international community.
1Technical and Resource Challenges
To achieve carbon neutrality, cleansing power must be realized in the next 30 years to replace fossil power, and accelerate the promotion of low-carbon economy. In this severe transformation process, the development and application rate of cleaning technology are decisive and the comparison of the performance creates sufficient drama. There has been no Sugar baby for several days. In some areas, there is a major concern for the actual breakthrough technical solution plan. The International Power Agency estimates that by 2070, 35% of the technology to which the reduction in displacement is still in the prototype or demonstration stage, and 40% of the technologySugar daddy has not yet been developed, and the disruptive emission reduction technologies required by commercial automobile transportation, land and aviation transportation, metallurgy, cement production and other power-intensive industries are not mature. It is particularly worth mentioning that carbon dioxide reception technology. To achieve zero emissions, it is not enough to reduce emissions, and it is necessary to increase carbon dioxide reception, that is, increase carbon transfer.
Carbon dioxide capture, storage and application technology (CCUS) can ensure development<a In the case of uninterrupted energy-consuming industries such as Sugar baby, reducing the actual emission of carbon dioxide into the air is the main reduction transition technology. International organizations specialize in climate change in the field of climate changeSugar babySugar babySugar babySugar babySugar babySugar babySugar babySugar babySugar daddyThe (IPCC) 1.5°C special report proposes four situations to keep the global temperature increase at 1.5°C, and to use CCUS technology in large quantities. In the past 10 years, CCUS technology has been largely arranged in a global scale, with annual capture volumes of about 40 million tons. However, to achieve sustainable development goals set by the United Nations, the annual capture volume of 5.6 billion tons by 2070 needs to be expanded by more than 100 times to the current extent. This demand has greatly reduced technology
The transformation, storage, transmission, application of new dynamic technologies are promoted by the unique chemical and physical characteristics of a variety of specific data. Cleaning the dynamic technologies are generally compared Fossil fuel technology requires more mineral information, the minerals used in electric vehicles are 5 times that of traditional cars, the minerals required by wind power generation factories on the mainland are 8 times that of a planned fuel energy generation factory, and the improvement of fossil fuel energy efficiency also requires more minerals. Large demand recommendation Sugar daddy‘s price of dynamic minerals has been rising continuously, and the global theme from 2016 to 2018: Maintain a positive centrifugal attitude and shine. The price has increased by 5 times. This can lead to competition for global key mineral resources.
2 Funds, capital and market challenges
Premote the reduction of demand to make large-scale investments in areas such as dynamics and infrastructure. According to the International Renewable Dynamic Institution (IR)ENA) budgets must implement the Paris Agreement on the goal of global temperature below 2°C and are used for annual investment in renewable power. It must be increased from the current US$300 billion to about US$800 billion; the European Union Green Agreement plans to expand 10,000 euros in green investment in the next year, and the US$20,000 comfort bill planned by american to invest between US$300 billion and US$600 billion in dynamic conversion projects. The British authorities believe that achieving zero emissions by 2050 will require NT$50 billion annual revenue. These investment demands are broadly facing a large gap, and the lack of funds has become an important obstacle to the transformation of power in many countries.
According to the Paris Agreement, the development countries will provide financial and technical support to developing countries in the climate field, but it may be difficult to achieve these support now. High-emission industries such as electricity generation, steel, cement, and chemicals are also capital-heavy industries. Fixed asset investment is large and long. The standard application life of steel and cement factories is about 40 years, while the application life of primary chemical facilities is about 30 years. To completely reduce these fixed capital, a huge amount of money will be generated. Especially today, there are also a large number of newly built emission-intensive heavy industry facilities, with expected life expectancy exceeding 2050. The major departmental infrastructure for steel, cement and chemical production was also relatively late.
At the same time, the purpose of the future of the power transformation is not yet fully determined, but whether it is electric vehicles, motor power, wind and photovoltaics, all require large-scale basic facility investment. Once the purpose of the power transformation occurs, many of these investments will become cost-effective. Historically, in the process of coal and oil becoming the main driving force, they have become second-line stars one after another, and resources are coming in a hurry. It has obvious economic advantages, and brings downstream production by large scale and rapidly growing market demand. Today, fossil power still has strong competitiveness. The difficulty in replacing power is achieved through market self-development methods, which will also lead to long-term capital expenditures.
3Political and social challenges
Accelerate under the circumstances of policy assumptionIn fact, comprehensive carbon removal is a huge task, which is almost every department and industry. It is a grand economic and social project that must face grand political and social challenges. The agency will play an important role in the process of carbon neutrality. On the one hand, it is necessary to make detailed plans for various planning, and on the other hand, it is necessary to respond to the disputes in the transformation in a timely manner to avoid triggering social conflicts. This requires the agency to invest more political resources. Not all authorities have sufficient political will to complete this mission. In the eyes of many authorities, the announcement of the goal of carbon neutrality is only a “public action” taken to respond to domestic social and international concerns, and the real implementation of the mission is far away. Although many countries have already legislated to achieve carbon neutrality, not many countries have made detailed plans.
Taking the European Union, which has a strong climate policy, there is still a relatively old gap between its vision and reality. The new version of the EU’s “sustainable investment” standard document shows that the EU has finally moved its natural atmosphere out of the “sustainable investment” scope, but has been opposed by many Eastern European members such as Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic. The EU must not discriminate and oppose the standard’s TC:
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